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Krönungs-Geschichte oder umstaendliche Beschreibung des solennen Einzugs und der hohen Salbung und Krönung Jhro ... Elizabeth Petrowna.

 

[Elizabeth Petrowna, Empress of Russia (1709-1762)]. Wie jener den 28 Februarii, und diese den 25 Aprill 1742 in Residenz-Stadt Moscau vollzogen worden. St Petersburg: Kayserl. Academie der Wessenschafften 1745. 76 pages of text in German, captions and artist's signatures in Russian. Mezzotint frontispiece portrait of Elizabeth Petrovna by Johann Stenglin after Louis Caravaque and 49 plates by I. A. Sokolov, G. A. Kachalov and C. A. Wortmann after Elias Grimmel Редкость!

 

 

 

 

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[Elizabeth Petrowna, Empress of Russia (1709-1762).] Krönungs-Geschichte oder umstaendliche Beschreibung des solennen Einzugs und der hohen Salbung und Krönung Jhro ... Elizabeth Petrowna… wie jener den 28 Februarii, und diese den 25 Aprill 1742 in Residenz-Stadt Moscau vollzogen worden. St Petersburg: Kayserl. Academie der Wessenschafften 1745. 76 pages of text in German, captions and artist's signatures in Russian. Mezzotint frontispiece portrait of Elizabeth Petrovna by Johann Stenglin after Louis Caravaque and 49 plates by I. A. Sokolov, G. A. Kachalov and C. A. Wortmann after Elias Grimmel, depicting processions, triumphal arches, regalia, ceremonies, etc., 16 folding, one (no. 45) a mezzotint of a firework display (seven plates with repaired tears, some scattered pale spotting and soiling). Presentation Imperial binding of contemporary mottled calf, gilt border on covers, gilt-crowned monogram at the corners, large central gilt imperial 'E' of Empress Elizabeth on front cover, back cover with large Russian eagle in gilt at centre (rebacked, a few other repairs).

Обстоятельное описание торжественных порядков благополучного вшествия в царствующий град Москву и священнейшего коронования Ея Августейшего Императорского Величества Елисавет Петровны, Самодержицы Всероссийской, еже бысть вшествие 28 февраля, коронование 25 апреля 1742 года. Санкт-Петербург, печатана при Императорской Академии наук, 1745. [2], 76 стр. текста на немецком, 1 л. гравированный фронтиспис (портрет Елизаветы Петровны, гравированный черной манерой Иоганном Штенглиным по оригиналу Луи Каравака), гравированный титульный лист на немецком, где использован изящный готический декоративный шрифт, 49 л. гравированных иллюстраций и планов (гравюры резцом Г.А. Качалова, И.А. Соколова, Х.-А. Вортмана) и 3 виньетками в тексте, выполненными художником И.А. Соколовым. Все рисунки сделаны рисовальщиком И.Э. Гриммелем на сюжеты коронационного обряда, изображением императорских нарядов и регалий и непременным портретным изображением Императрицы. В коричневом издательском переплёте (из первых 50-ти экземпляров для раздачи знатным особам — см. у Битовта) середины XVIII века с тисненным золотом вензелем Императрицы Елизаветы Петровны на передней крышке, российским имперским гербом — на задней, и имперской атрибутикой на корешке (как то герб, корона, держава и скипетр), которая на каждом из 50-ти экземплярах была в разных сочетаниях. Экземпляр отпечатан на дорогой Александрийской бумаге. Оригинальные с декоративными ветвями-узорами, ручной раскраски «marble» форзацы. Тройной золотой обрез. Формат: 41x27 см. Общий тираж с допечатками 1550 экземпляров. Д.А. Ровинский назвал «Обстоятельное описание...» «главным памятником русского гравирования при Елисавете». Текст сопровождают 50 листов гравюр, выполненных И. А. Соколовым, Г. А. Качаловым и Х. А. Вортманом. Увраж (набор иллюстраций) открывается превосходным портретом императрицы Елизаветы Петровны работы «мастера тушевального художества» Иоганна Штенглина по оригиналу Л. Каравака. Наш экземпляр в кожаном переплете с золотым тиснением вензеля Императрицы на передней крышке и государственным гербом на задней. Такие экземпляры предназначались для подарков знатным лицам и встречаются особенно редко. Коронационный альбом Елизаветы Петровны является высоким образцом художественного оформления русской книги XVIII века, а также шедевром отечественного гравировального и типографского искусства. Данный альбом представляет собой редкий книжный памятник национального значения и по праву считается одним из самых роскошных за всю историю отечественного книгопечатания.

Эта книга была издана в трех видах:
1. С русским или чисто немецким текстом в красном сафьяновом, или обычном коричневом издательском переплёте (из первых 50-ти экземпляров для раздачи знатным вельможам и особам — см. у Битовта) середины XVIII века с тисненным каратным золотом вензелем Императрицы Елизаветы Петровны на передней крышке, российским имперским гербом — на задней и имперской атрибутикой на корешке, которая на каждом из 50-ти экземплярах была в разных сочетаниях. Все 50 экземпляров отпечатаны на дорогой Александрийской бумаге. Присутствует тройной золотой обрез. Гравюры с сильными и сочными оттисками. В немецком варианте гравюры подписаны на русском.
2. С русским или или чисто немецким текстом в кожаном издательском переплёте с тиснением золотом на корешке (крышки без тиснения), как и в первом случае, присутствует имперская атрибутика: как то герб, корона, держава и скипетр. Экземпляры отпечатаны на дорогой Александрийской бумаге. Оригинальные, ручной раскраски разные форзацы (под мрамор («marble»), «павлинье перо» и др.) и обрезами (золотой, «под мрамор», в крапинку, однотонно окрашенный: белый, красный). Гравюры, как и в первом случае с сильными и сочными оттисками. В немецком варианте гравюры подписаны на русском.
3. С русским текстом без всяких украшений на переплете и напечатаны на обыкновенной бумаге. Альбомы продавались по весьма высокой для того времени цене: 7 рублей 50 копеек — экземпляры на простой бумаге, 8 рублей 50 копеек — экземпляры на дорогой Александрийской бумаге (см. у Битовта).

An extremely rare first edition in German in an Imperial presentation binding of a Russian festivity. The present edition is a translation of the Russian edition of the previous year and describes the coronation ceremony of Peter the Great's daughter, who gained power by overthrowing the Regent Anna Leopol’downa and Tsar Ivan VI (1741). It is one of the most richly illustrated Russian baroque books which took three years to produce; the collaboration between native and imported foreign artists is fascinating. This is the German language edition, no doubt printed for propaganda purposes and for distribution to foreign courts, but with the engraved captions for the plates unchanged...' (Martin Breslauer, cat. 103, no. 84). Though the Berlin Catalogue describes a complete copy of the Russian edition, it only lists an incomplete copy of the German edition. Not in Brunet, Colas, Ruggieri or Vinet. See Kasinec & Wortman, 'Russian coronation albums', in Biblion 1 (1992): 82-86. Berlin 3097. In addition, Iurii Bitovt asserts that only a small number of this edition, with the Imperial 'E' and Russian eagle on the front and back covers, was produced as they were intended solely for important personages (see Redkaia russkaia knigi i letuchiia izdaniia XVIII veka, Moscow, 1905, p. 189).


ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), Empress Of Russia, the daughter of Peter the Great and Martha Skovronskaya, born at Kolomenskoye, near Moscow, on the 18th of December 1709. Even as a child her parts were good, if not brilliant, but unfortunately her education was both imperfect and desultory. Her father had no leisure to devote to her training, and her mother was too illiterate to superintend her studies. She had a French governess, however, and at a later day picked up some Italian, German and Swedish, and could converse in these languages with more fluency than accuracy. From her earliest years she delighted every one by her extraordinary beauty and vivacity. It was Peter's intention to marry his second daughter to the young French king Louis XV., but the pride of the Bourbons revolted against any such alliance. Other connubial speculations foundered on the personal dislike of the princess for the various suitors proposed to her, so that on the death of her mother (May 1727) and the departure to Holstein of her beloved sister Anne, her only remaining near relation, the princess found herself at the age of eighteen practically her own mistress. So long as Menshikov remained in power, she was treated with liberality and distinction by the government of Peter II., but the Dolgorukis, who supplanted Menshikov and hated the memory of Peter the Great, practically banished Peter's daughter from court. Elizabeth had inherited her father's sensual temperament and, being free from all control, abandoned herself to her appetites without reserve. While still in her teens, she made a lover of Alexius Shubin, a sergeant in the Semenovsky Guards, and after his banishment to Siberia, minus his tongue, by order of the empress Anne, consoled herself with a handsome young Cossack, Alexius Razumovski, who, there is good reason to believe, subsequently became her husband. During the reign of her cousin Anne (1730-1740), Elizabeth effaced herself as much as possible; but under the regency of Anne Leopoldovna the course of events compelled the indolent but by no means incapable beauty to overthrow the existing government. The idea seems to have been first suggested to her by the French ambassador, La Chetardie, who was plotting to destroy the Austrian influence then dominant at the Russian court. It is a mistake to suppose, however, that La Chetardie took a leading part in the revolution which placed the daughter of Peter the Great on the Russian throne. As a matter of fact, beyond lending the tsesarevna 2000 ducats, instead of the 15,000 she demanded of him, he took no part whatever in the actual coup d'etat which was as great a surprise to him as to every one else. The merit and glory of that singular affair belong to Elizabeth alone. The fear of being imprisoned in a convent for the rest of her life was the determining cause of her irresistible outburst of energy. At midnight on the 6th of December 1741, with a few personal friends, including her physician, Armand Lestocq, her chamberlain, Michael Ilarionvich Vorontsov, her future husband, Alexius Razumovski, and Alexander and Peter Shuvalov, two of the gentlemen of her household, she drove to the barracks of the Preobrazhensky Guards, enlisted their sympathies by a stirring speech, and led them to the Winter Palace, where the regent was reposing in absolute security. Having on the way thither had all the ministers arrested, she seized the regent and her children in their beds, and summoned all the notables, civil and ecclesiastical, to her presence. So swiftly and noiselessly indeed had the whole revolution proceeded that as late as eight o'clock the next morning very few people in the city were aware of it. Thus, at the age of three-and-thirty, this naturally indolent and self-indulgent woman, with little knowledge and no experience of affairs, suddenly found herself at the head of a great empire at one of the most critical periods of its existence. Fortunately for herself, and for Russia, Elizabeth Petrovna, with all her shortcomings, had inherited some of her father's genius for government. Her usually keen judgment and her diplomatic tact again and again recall Peter the Great. What in her sometimes seemed irresolution and procrastination, was, most often, a wise suspense of judgment under exceptionally difficult circumstances; and to this may be added that she was ever ready to sacrifice the prejudices of the woman to the duty of the sovereign.

After abolishing the cabinet council system in favour during the rule of the two Annes, and reconstituting the senate as it had been under Peter the Great, - with the chiefs of the departments of state, all of them now Russians again, as ex-officio members under the presidency of the sovereign, - the first care of the new empress was to compose her quarrel with Sweden. On the 23rd of January 1743, direct negotiations between the two powers were opened at Abo, and on the 7th of August 1743 Sweden ceded to Russia all the southern part of Finland east of the river Kymmene, which thus became the boundary between the two states, including the fortresses of Villmanstrand and Fredrikshamn. This triumphant issue was mainly due to the diplomatic ability of the new vice chancellor, Alexius BestuzhevRyumin, whom Elizabeth, much as she disliked him personally, had wisely placed at the head of foreign affairs immediately after her accession. He represented the antiFranco-Prussian portion of her council, and his object was to bring about an Anglo-Austro-Russian alliance which, at that time, was undoubtedly Russia's proper system, Hence the reiterated attempts of Frederick the Great and Louis XV. to get rid of Bestuzhev, which made the Russian court during the earlier years of Elizabeth's reign the centre of a tangle of intrigue impossible to unravel by those who do not possess the clue to it (see Bestuzhev-Ryumin, ALExiUS). Ultimately, however, the minister, strong in the support of Elizabeth, prevailed, and his faultless diplomacy, backed by the despatch of an auxiliary Russian corps of 30,000 men to the Rhine, greatly accelerated the peace negotiations which led to the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (October 18, 1748). By sheer tenacity of purpose, Bestuzhev had extricated his country from the Swedish imbroglio; reconciled his imperial mistress with the courts of Vienna and London, her natural allies; enabled Russia to assert herself effectually in Poland, Turkey and Sweden, and isolated the restless king of Prussia by environing him with hostile alliances. But all this would have been impossible but for the steady support of Elizabeth, who trusted him implicitly, despite the insinuations* of the chancellor's innumerable enemies, most of whom were her personal friends.
The great event of Elizabeth's later years was the Seven Years' War. Elizabeth rightly regarded the treaty of Westminster (January 16, 1756, whereby Great Britain and Prussia agreed to unite their forces to oppose the entry into, or the passage through, Germany of the troops of every foreign power) as utterly subversive of the previous conventions between Great Britain and Russia. A by no means unwarrantable fear of the king of Prussia, who was "to be reduced within proper limits," so that "he might be no longer a danger to the empire," induced Elizabeth to accede to the treaty of Versailles, in other words the Franco-Austrian league against Prussia, and on the 17th of May 1757 the Russian army, 85,000 strong, advanced against Konigsberg. Neither the serious illness of the empress, which began with a fainting-fit at Tsarskoe Selo (September 19, 1757), nor the fall of Bestuzhev (February 21, 1758), nor the cabals and intrigues of the various foreign powers at St Petersburg,. interfered with the progress of the war, and the crushing defeat of Kunersdorf (August 12, 17 59) at last brought Frederick to the verge of ruin. From that day forth he despaired of success, though he was saved for the moment by the jealousies of the Russian and Austrian commanders, which ruined the military plans of the allies. On the other hand, it is not too much to say that, from the end of 1759 to the end of 1761, the unshakable firmness of the Russian empress was the one constraining political force which held together the heterogeneous, incessantly jarring elements of the anti-Prussian combination. From the Russian point of view, Elizabeth's greatness as a statesman consists in her steady appreciation of Russian interests, and her determination to promote them at all hazards. She insisted throughout that the king of Prussia must be rendered harmless to his neighbours for the future, and that the only way to bring this about was to reduce him to the rank of an elector. Frederick himself was quite alive to his danger. "I am at the end of my resources," he wrote at the beginning of 1760, "the continuance of this war means for me utter ruin. Things may drag on perhaps till July, but then a catastrophe must come." On the 21st of May 1760 a fresh convention was signed between Russia and Austria, a secret clause of which, never communicated to the court of Versailles, guaranteed East Prussia to Russia, as an indemnity for war expenses. The failure of the campaign of 1760, so far as Russiaand France were concerned, induced the court of Versailles, on the evening of the 22nd of January 1761, to present to the court of St Petersburg a despatch to the effect that the king of France by reason of the condition of his dominions absolutely desired peace. On the following day the Austrian ambassador, Esterhazy, presented a despatch of a similar tenor from his court. The Russian empress's reply was delivered to the two ambassadors on the 12th of February. It was inspired by the most uncompromising hostility towards the king of Prussia. Elizabeth would not consent to any pacific overtures until the original object of the league had been accomplished. Simultaneously, Elizabeth caused to be conveyed to Louis XV. a confidential letter in which she proposed the signature of a new treaty of alliance of a more comprehensive and explicit nature than the preceding treaties between the two powers, without the knowledge of Austria. Elizabeth's object in this mysterious negotiation seems to have been to reconcile France and Great Britain, in return for which signal service France was to throw all her forces into the German war. This project, which lacked neither ability nor audacity, foundered upon Louis XV.'s invincible jealousy of the growth of Russian influence in eastern Europe and his fear of offending the Porte. It was finally arranged by the allies that their envoys at Paris should fix the date for the assembling of a peace congress, and that, in the meantime, the war against Prussia should be vigorously prosecuted. The campaign of 1761 was almost as abortive as the campaign of 1760. Frederick acted on the defensive with consummate skill, and the capture of the Prussian fortress of Kolberg on Christmas day O.S. 1761, by Rumyantsev, was the sole Russian success. Frederick, however, was now at the last gasp. On the 6th of January 1762, he wrote to Finkenstein, "We ought now to think of preserving for my nephew, by way of negotiation, whatever fragments of my territory we can save from the avidity of my enemies," which means, if words mean anything, that he was resolved to seek a soldier's death on the first opportunity. A fortnight later he wrote to Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, "The sky begins to clear. Courage, my dear fellow. I have received the news of a great event." The great event which snatched him from destruction was the death of the Russian empress (January 5, 1762).

 

 


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